Determinants of domestic waste input use in urban agriculture lowland systems in Africa: The case of Yaoundé in Cameroon

This paper suggests policy actions for safe urban and peri-urban agriculture and domestic waste recycling in urban lowland areas of Africa, in particular, in lowland areas of the capital of Cameroon, Yaoundé. We identify the explanatory variables of recycling domestic waste and their use in three selected lowland areas. Data were collected between August and September 2005 among 126 farmers. Results show that the factors contributing to the adoption of recycled fresh and decomposed kitchen waste are: vegetable production, the distance between the house and its crop field and the use of livestock waste. The factors contributing to the adoption of recycled livestock wastes are the age of the farmers, the distance between the house and its crop field, the educational level of farmers and land size. Young farmers are more likely to adopt recycled livestock wastes, and short distances between houses and crop fields are more likely to contribute to the adoption of both recycled kitchen waste and recycled livestock wastes. In this context, the implementation of transfer stations for domestic waste, inside or next to lowland areas, appears to be an adequate solution of transport and sanitary constraints faced both by farmers and municipalities in Africa.     

Conservation of Bangkok old town

Conservation of urban heritage contributes to the quality of life of people. Unfortunately, the urban heritage tends to be set aside from city development. The growing importance of locality in recent years invokes the public participation in planning and conservation processes. The paper aims to address the issue in urban conservation through the case of Bangkok old town. The site has been designated as a conservation area with the master plan and a specific advisory board for around three decades. Though a number of palaces and religious buildings have been protected, there is still a need for recognizing the local heritage and the enhancement of public participation. The issues regarding heritage identification, standard used in conservation practices and excessive tourism development in Bangkok old town would be resolved by revisiting the master plan and improving the cooperation among stakeholders. Moreover, urban heritage should be considered as a basis for urban planning and projects.     

Exotic plant invasions in forested wetlands: effects of adjacent urban land use type

There are a variety of land use types in urbanized areas that may have different effects on the ecological characteristics of patches of natural vegetation. In particular, residential housing and industrial land-use may have different effects on adjacent forest communities. We tested this hypothesis by examining the vegetation of forested wetlands in a densely urban region, northeastern New Jersey. Wetlands embedded in industrial areas were much less invaded by exotic plant species than were wetlands embedded in residential areas, as reflected in the number of exotic species, the fraction of the total flora that was exotic, and their frequencies of occurrence. Few other structural characteristics of the vegetation differed between the two types of urban areas. We suggest that the management of land adjacent to forest edges may explain this surprising result. The low rate of invasion of wetlands within industrial areas suggests they could have high conservation value in urban ecosystems.     

中国学术研究:徘徊在流变之间

在二十世纪末中国社会的急遽变迁中 ,中国的学术研究却未能如往昔一样在动荡的社会现实和激烈的文化冲突中实现革命性的变革 ,反而陷入了流与变徘徊的尴尬境地。其间的原因是错综复杂的 ,既涉及到中国学人的角色定位、学术理念和学术价值评判标准、学术研究能力等问题 ,也涉及到学术制度、学术生存环境与学术氛围等方面的问题。面对着如此繁杂和尴尬的问题 ,二十一世纪的中国学人唯有真诚地努力 ,在不断提升自己的思想境界和学术研究功力的同时 ,改造现行的学术制度 ,拓展学术生存空间 ,创建科学合理而又充满活力的学术运作机制 ,方能走出困境。     

甘肃省城市妇女婚姻家庭状况的调查分析

甘肃省绝大多数妇女的婚姻将呈现出一个逐步趋于稳定的发展趋势 ,城市妇女的婚姻质量将有所提高但也存在一些不稳定的因素 ,由于种种原因 ,婚姻中男女不平等的现象仍将继续存在 ,离婚率将继续上升。社会和有关决策者都应重视和关心这一问题 ,以期从根本上减少乃至清除这些不利因素 ,使其呈现出健康向上的发展态势     

Urban areas as hot-spots for introduced and shelters for native isopod species

Isopod assemblages were studied in Budapest, capital of Hungary. The analyses of literary and field data revealed a high species richness (28 species), compared to the total species number (57) in Hungary. Habitats characteristics for the city were categorized as native forests, urban forests, gardens of Buda, gardens of Pest, public parks, densely built-up areas and botanical gardens. We hypothesized that isolated and diverse habitat patches in the city matrix of Budapest support the introduction and establishment of exotic species and the survival of native ones. The composition of assemblages varied among sampling sites, but were characteristic for the biotope categories. We concluded that forests, parks and gardens play an important role in the survival of native isopod populations. Species numbers were highest in the gardens of Buda and in the botanical gardens (both 17 species). The overall presence of cosmopolitan and disturbance-tolerant species indicates an ongoing homogenization process.     

试论社区新型生育文化建设

根据社区和亚文化的基本观点与原理,阐述了社区新型生育文化建设的内涵、外延和历史意义,并对在城市社区中如何创建新型生育文化进行了探讨。     

探讨城市经营,促进城市可持续发展

城市经营的目标是城市可持续发展。为了实现可持续发展的目标 ,城市经营机制应体现自组织与他组织的统一 ,在经营过程中应注意协调好城市经营与城市经济、社会、环境几种关系     

乡村与城市间的飞蛾——论丁玲中篇小说中女性的异化与孤独

丁玲作为中国现代文学史上极具分量的女作家,她对女性的书写始终渗透着所处特殊时代环境下的自我意识,也始终在思考不同时代女性所面临的生存问题。《梦珂》《莎菲女士的日记》以及《阿毛姑娘》都是丁玲在20世纪20年代五四浪潮的裂变中创作的。本文将结合20世纪20年代中国的时代背景,探讨在封建乡村生活逐渐向城市商品化转变的社会环境下,丁玲小说中女性所面临的新的困境,从“商品化”城市的渲染环境、女性在社会中“无处可去”的尴尬局面以及最终拒绝异化,选择自我孤独三个方面分析女性在这种困境中所展现的在外与内在异化,以及呈现出来的两种孤独状态。     

乡村振兴战略背景下农村基层党组织建设的困境与出路

实施乡村振兴战略是中国特色社会主义进入新时代破解农村发展困境的又一根本性举措。农村基层党组织是党在农村全部工作的基础,是推进乡村振兴战略的核心力量和重要抓手。乡村振兴战略对农村基层党组织建设提出了新的目标和任务,而当前部分农村基层党组织还存在着组织建构不够优化、经济基础不够优厚、文化基础不够优质、社会基础不够优良等困境,制约着农村基层党组织整体功能和作用的发挥。各级党和政府要不断优化农村基层党组织的构建体系、发展壮大乡村集体经济、积极传承和复兴优秀传统乡村文化、有效提升乡村社会治理能力,进一步夯实农村基层党组织建设的组织基础、物质基础、文化基础和社会基础。